TY - JOUR AU - Garrido-Pérez, Edgardo I. AU - Tella-Ruiz, David AU - Sidali, Katia Laura AU - Lincango-Vega, Juan G. AU - Vélez-Sabando, Luisa M. AU - Andrade-Alcívar, Luis D. PY - 2022/06/22 Y2 - 2024/03/28 TI - Land-use, abuse, and institutional attempts for correcting human-nature relationships: Europe vs The Americas JF - Ethnobiology and Conservation JA - Ethnobio Conserv VL - 11 IS - SE - Review DO - 10.15451/ec2022-06-11.13-1-15 UR - https://www.ethnobioconservation.com/index.php/ebc/article/view/523 SP - AB - <p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 100%;" align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Warnings regarding pollution, soil-fertility </span><span style="font-size: medium;">losses</span><span style="font-size: medium;">, mass extinction, Climate Change, and the</span><span style="font-size: medium;">ir</span> <span style="font-size: medium;">effects on</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> humans </span><span style="font-size: medium;">are widely known since at least 1970, </span><span style="font-size: medium;">s</span><span style="font-size: medium;">till land-abuse pervasively remains. </span><span style="font-size: medium;">W</span><span style="font-size: medium;">e aimed to contribute to understand </span><span style="font-size: medium;"><em>why</em></span> <span style="font-size: medium;">in order to</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> explor</span><span style="font-size: medium;">e</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> how to reduce </span><span style="font-size: medium;">land-abuse</span><span style="font-size: medium;">. </span><span style="font-size: medium;">W</span><span style="font-size: medium;">e critically compare</span><span style="font-size: medium;">d</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> the </span><span style="font-size: medium;">history, habitats, and land-uses of the </span><span style="font-size: medium;">Americas </span><span style="font-size: medium;">with</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> both Alpine and Lowland Europe </span><span style="font-size: medium;">focusing on</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> the causes and consequences of land-abuse</span><span style="font-size: medium;">. We chronologically analyze</span><span style="font-size: medium;">d</span> <span style="font-size: medium;">the </span><span style="font-size: medium;">development of the </span><span style="font-size: medium;">recent</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> European efforts for re-appraising ancestral, more sustainable land-uses (AD 1938-2018). </span><span style="font-size: medium;">M</span><span style="font-size: medium;">illionaire profits </span><span style="font-size: medium;">have fixed a dominant culture of </span><span style="font-size: medium;">subordination of nature and people to a role of mere </span><span style="font-size: medium;">commodity-</span><span style="font-size: medium;">producers </span><span style="font-size: medium;">in the Americas, </span><span style="font-size: medium;">making</span> <span style="font-size: medium;">difficult for</span> <span style="font-size: medium;">environmentalism</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> to penetrate into </span><span style="font-size: medium;">decision-making</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> and institutions. </span><span style="font-size: medium;">Low-scale, </span><span style="font-size: medium;">sustainable</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> agriculture </span><span style="font-size: medium;">remain</span><span style="font-size: medium;">s</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> traditionally</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> practiced by </span><span style="font-size: medium;">Neotropical and Alpine </span><span style="font-size: medium;">indigenous peoples, but </span><span style="font-size: medium;">became</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> increasingly abandoned by lowland </span><span style="font-size: medium;">E</span><span style="font-size: medium;">uropeans </span><span style="font-size: medium;">and Americas’ landlords </span><span style="font-size: medium;">since the first Industrial Revolution. The most effective European efforts for conserving the environment emerged and developed </span><span style="font-size: medium;">as a sort of</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> interplay with </span><span style="font-size: medium;">the </span><span style="font-size: medium;">teaching </span><span style="font-size: medium;">of </span><span style="font-size: medium;">Ecology and Conservation in universities </span><span style="font-size: medium;">that </span><span style="font-size: medium;">train</span><span style="font-size: medium;">ed</span> <span style="font-size: medium;">prospects of </span><span style="font-size: medium;">both political activists and decision makers.</span> <span style="font-size: medium;">A</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> result i</span><span style="font-size: medium;">s</span> <span style="font-size: medium;">the </span><span style="font-size: medium;">preeminently </span><span style="font-size: medium;">scholarly-made,</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> top-down </span><span style="font-size: medium;">impulse</span> <span style="font-size: medium;">to sustainable land-use in </span><span style="font-size: medium;">West</span> <span style="font-size: medium;">Europe. </span><span style="font-size: medium;">Instead</span><span style="font-size: medium;">, the </span><span style="font-size: medium;">most effective</span> <span style="font-size: medium;">environmentalists</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> of </span><span style="font-size: medium;">the </span><span style="font-size: medium;">Americas’ </span><span style="font-size: medium;">are </span><span style="font-size: medium;">not biologists but </span><span style="font-size: medium;">grassrooted movements </span><span style="font-size: medium;">culturally </span><span style="font-size: medium;">influenced or </span><span style="font-size: medium;">directly </span><span style="font-size: medium;">led by</span> <span style="font-size: medium;">indigenous peoples. </span><span style="font-size: medium;">Nowadays</span><span style="font-size: medium;">, </span><span style="font-size: medium;">Europe </span><span style="font-size: medium;">provides</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> finnancial and economic support to the traditional agriculture of </span><span style="font-size: medium;">it</span><span style="font-size: medium;">s</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> indigenous </span><span style="font-size: medium;">farmers</span><span style="font-size: medium;">. </span><span style="font-size: medium;">Europe-emulators of the</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> Americas</span> <span style="font-size: medium;">shou</span><span style="font-size: medium;">ld seek to outbalance land-abuse by supporting </span><span style="font-size: medium;">and learning from </span><span style="font-size: medium;">the land-uses of Americas’ indigenous farmers too</span><span style="font-size: medium;">.</span></span></span></p> ER -