Perception and attitudes of local communities towards vertebrate fauna in the Andes of Colombia: Effects of gender and the urban/rural setting
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2023-06-12.09-1-20Abstract
This study sought to evaluate the perception and attitudes of the inhabitants of an Andean region of Colombia towards 17 native terrestrial vertebrate species and their relationships with sociodemographic factors such as gender and locality (town or country). Data were collected through semi-structured surveys of 100 participants. Five variables measuring people's perceptions (level of liking, medicinal use, detrimental to daily activity, disease transmission, and folklore traditions) were statistically evaluated using a Likert scale ranging. To measure attitudes, respondents were asked whether they would agree that the government should protect or eradicate some of the species in the region. The respondents' level of liking and their folklore (legend and myth-type superstitions) only varied for the owl between town and country. Native rat, bat, and snake species had the highest frequency of negative perceptions among people that varied according to locality and gender, in contrast to birds such as the canary and hummingbird species where positive perceptions predominated. The species that presented the greatest diversity of folklore traditions were owl, snake, and the bat species, all mainly associated with death and bad luck. Most respondents considered conserving all species, with a preference for birds and some mammals and reptiles. However, they considered eliminating species such as native rat, snake, and bat species from the region. Wildlife conservation initiatives must understand people's perceptions for using charismatic species, while implementing awareness campaigns on the ecological importance of species that are less liked by local communities. We discussed local people's perceptions and medicinal uses of wildlife species.
References
Aguilar M, Sierra J, Ramirez W, Vargas O, Calle Z, Vargas W, Murcia C, Aronson J, Barrera Cataño JI (2015) Toward a post-conflict Colombia: restoring to the future. Restoration Ecology 23:4–6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12172
Ahmad S, Akram M, Riaz M, Munir N, Mahmood Tahir I, Anwar H, Zahid R, Daniyal M, Jabeen F, Ashraf E, Sarwar G, Rasool G, Ali Shah SM (2021) Zootherapy as traditional therapeutic strategy in the Cholistan desert of Bahawalpur-Pakistan. Veterinary Medicine and Science 1–8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.491
Albuquerque UP, Silva JS, Loureiro J, Campos A, Sousa RS, Silva TC, Romeu R, Alves N (2013) The current status of ethnobiological research in Latin America_ gaps and perspectives _ Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine _ Full Text. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-9-72
Ali W, Javid A, Hussain A, Bukhari SM (2017) Public attitude towards amphibian and reptiles in district Kasur, Punjab, Pakistan. Punjab University Journal of Zoology 32:173–178
Alvard M, Robinson J, Redford K, Kaplan H (1997) The Sustainability of Subsistence Hunting in the Neotropics. Conservation Biology 11:977–982 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.96047.x
Alves Nóbrega R, Souto Silva W (2015) Ethnozoology: a brief introduction. Ethnobiology and conservation 4. https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2015-1-4.1-1-13 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2015-1-4.1-1-13
Alves R, Albuquerque U (2012) Ethnobiology and conservation: Why do we need a new journal? Ethnobiology and Conservation 1. https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2012-8-1.1-1-03 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2012-8-1.1-1-03
Alves R, Barboza R, Souto W (2010) A Global overview of canids used in traditional medicines. Biodiversity and Conservation 19:1513–1522 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-010-9805-1
Alves R, Mendonça L, Confessor M, Vieira W, Lopez L (2009) Hunting strategies used in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 5:1–50 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-5-12
Alves R, Pereira Filho G (2007) Commercialization and use of snakes in North and Northeastern Brazil: implications for conservation and management. Biodiversity and Conservation 16:969–985 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-006-9036-7
Alves RRN, Souto WMS (2011) Ethnozoology in Brazil: Current status and perspectives. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 7:22 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-7-22
Alves RRN, Vieira KS, Santana GG, Vieira WLS, Almeida WO, Souto WMS, Montenegro PFGP, Pezzuti JCB (2012) A review on human attitudes towards reptiles in Brazil. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 184:6877–6901 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2465-0
Anderson MJ (2017) Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA). Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp. 1–15 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118445112.stat07841
Anderson MJ, Gorley RN, Clarke KR (2008) PERMANOVA+ for PRIMER: Guide to software and statistical methods.
Bagde N, Jain S (2015) Study of traditional man-animal relationship in Chhindwara district of Madhya Pradesh, India. Journal of Global Biosciences 4:1456–1463
Baptiste MP, Lasso CA, Matallana CL, Moreno R, Negrete R, Vargas Tovar N (2012) La carne de monte y la seguridad alimentaria. Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt,
Batt S (2009) Human attitudes towards animals in relation to species similarity to humans: A multivariate approach. Bioscience Horizons 2:180–190 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/biohorizons/hzp021
Benitez-Capistros F, Camperio G, Hugé J, Dahdouh-Guebas F, Koedam N (2018) Emergent conservation conflicts in the galapagos islands: Human-giant tortoise interactions in the rural area of santa cruz island. PLoS ONE 13:1–27 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202268
Bezerra DMM, de Araujo HFP, Alves ÂGC, Alves RRN (2013) Birds and people in semiarid northeastern Brazil: Symbolic and medicinal relationships. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 9:1–11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-9-3
Brown PR, Huth NI, Banks PB, Singleton GR (2007) Relationship between abundance of rodents and damage to agricultural crops. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 120:405–415 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.10.016
Calle-Rendón BR, Moreno F, Hilário RR (2018) Vulnerability of mammals to land-use changes in Colombia’s post-conflict era. Nature Conservation 29:79–92 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.29.28943
Campos CM, Nates-Jimenez J, Lindemann-Matthies P (2013) Percepción y conocimiento de la biodiversidad por estudiantes urbanos y rurales de las tierras áridas del centro-oeste de Argentina. Ecologia Austral 23:174–183 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.13.23.3.0.1172
Cañas Davila CA, Castro Herrera F, Castaño Valencia RS (2016) Serpientes venenosas: lecciones aprendidas desde Colombia.
Carrot Search (2019) Foam Tree. [https://carrotsearch.com/foamtree/]
Cerda C, Fuentes JP, De La Maza CL, Louit C, Araos A (2018) Assessing visitors’ preferences for ecosystem features in a desert biodiversity hotspot. Environmental Conservation 45:75–82 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892917000200
Ceríaco LMP (2012) Human attitudes towards herpetofauna: The influence of folklore and negative values on the conservation of amphibians and reptiles in Portugal. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 8: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-8-8
Céspedes M (2005) Leptospirosis : Enfermedad Zoonótica Reemergente. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica 22:290–307
Chand V., Shukla S. (2003) “Biodiversity contests”: indigenously informed and transformed environmental education. Applied Environmental Education and Communication/JTL> 2(4):229–236 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15330150390256782
Clarke KR, Gorley RN, Sommerfield PJ, Warwick RM (2014) Change in marine communities - statistical analysis. 221
Costa S, Casanova CC, Sousa C, Lee PC (2013) The good, the bad and the ugly: perceptions of wildlife in Tombali (Guinea-Bissau, West Africa). Journal of Primatology 2(1):
Cuesta-Ríos E, Valencia-Mazo J, Jiménez-Ortega A (2007) Aprovechamiento De Los Vertebrados Terrestres Por Una Comunidad Humana En Bosques Tropicales (Tutunendo, Chocó, Colombia). Revista institucional universidad tecnológica del chocó 26:37–43
Cuesta-Ríos EY, Moreno LER (2012) Importancia etnozoológica de herpetos en bosques de la selva pluvial central del Chocó. Bioetnia 9:244–56 DOI: https://doi.org/10.51641/bioetnia.v9i2.89
Dickman A (2010) Complexities of conflict: the importance of considering social factors for effectively resolving human-wildlife conflict. Animal Conservation 13:458–466 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2010.00368.x
Dutta S, Sengupta P (2018) Rabbits and men: Relating their ages. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology 29:427–435 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp-2018-0002
Eklöf J, Rydell J (2021) Attitudes towards Bats in Swedish History. Journal of Ethnobiology 41:35–52 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2993/0278-0771-41.1.35
Etter A, Andrade A, Saavedra K, Amaya P, Cortés J, Arévalo P (2021) Ecosistemas colombianos: amenazas y riesgos. Una aplicación de la Lista Roja de Ecosistemas a los ecosistemas terrestres continentales. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana y Conservación Internacional-Colombia., Bogotá DOI: https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.9789587816013
Gegúndez MI, Lledó L (2005) Infección por hantavirus y otros virus transmitidos por roedores. Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica 23:492–500 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1157/13078828
Granda-Rodriguez H, Patricia-Vanegas J, Robledo-Buitrago D, Castañeda JJ, Ávila-Vélez EF, Luque-Villa MAD (2021) Gis in Colombian Post-Conflict Land Use Planning. Procedia Environmental Science, Engineering and Management 8:601–606
Herzog H, Betchart N, Pittman R (1991) Gender, sex role orientation, and attitudes toward animals. Anthrozoös 4(3):184-191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2752/089279391787057170
Herzog Jr HA, Burghardt GM (1988) Attitudes Toward Animals: Origins and Diversity. Anthrozoös 1:214–222 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2752/089279388787058317
Hills A (1989) The relationship between thing-person orientation and the perception of animals. Anthrozoös 3:100–110 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2752/089279390787057667
Holley D (2009) The History of Modern Zoology.
Inskip C, Zimmermann A (2009) Human-felid conflict: a review of patterns and priorities worldwide. Oryx 43:18–34 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S003060530899030X
IUCN (2020) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/]
Jacobo-Salcedo M del R, Alonso-Castro AJ, Zarate-Martinez A (2011) Folk medicinal use of fauna in Mapimi, Durango, México. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 133:902–906 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.10.005
Janovcová M, Rádlová S, Polák J (2019) Human Attitude toward Reptiles. Animals 9: DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9050238
Kellert S, Berry J (1987) Attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors toward wildlife as affected by gender. Wildlife Society Bulletin 15:363–71
Knight AJ (2008) “Bats, snakes and spiders, Oh my!” How aesthetic and negativistic attitudes, and other concepts predict support for species protection. Journal of Environmental Psychology 28:94–103 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2007.10.001
Koh CY, Kini RM (2012) From snake venom toxins to therapeutics – Cardiovascular examples. Toxicon 59:497–506 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.03.017
Kontsiotis VJ, Rapti A, Liordos V (2022) Public attitudes towards venomous and non-venomous snakes. Science of The Total Environment 831:154918 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154918
Kunz TH, de Torrez EB, Bauer D, Lobova T, Fleming TH (2011) Ecosystem services provided by bats. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1223:1–38 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06004.x
De La Ossa-lacayo A, De La Ossa-lacayo J (2015) Apuntes etnozoologicos: Montes de Maria, Sucre, Colombia. Rev Colombiana Cienc Anim 2015 7:191–196 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24188/recia.v7.n2.2015.271
De La Ossa-Lacayo A, De La Ossa J (2012) Utilización de fauna silvestre en el área rural de Caimito, Sucre, Colombia. Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA 4:46 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24188/recia.v4.n1.2012.266
Lawson ET, Ayivor JS, Ohemeng F, Ntiamoa-Baidu Y (2019) Avoiding bites and scratches? Understanding the public health implication of human–bat interactions in Ghana. Zoonoses and Public Health 66:108–116 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12540
Lindemann-Matthies P (2005) “Loveable” mammals and “lifeless” plants: How children’s interest in common local organisms can be enhanced through observation of nature. International Journal of Science Education 27:655–677 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09500690500038116
Lu M, Wang X, Ye H, Wang H, Qiu S, Zhang H, Liu Y, Luo J, Feng J (2021) Does public fear that bats spread COVID-19 jeopardize bat conservation? Biological conservation 254:108952 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021.108952
Lute M, Navarrete C, Nelson M, Gore M (2016) Moral dimensions of human–wildlife conflict. Conservation Biology 30(6):1200–1211 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12731
Lynch JD (2012) El contexto de las serpientes de Colombia con un análisis de las amenazas en contra de su conservación. Caldasia 36:435–449
MacFarlane D, Rocha R (2020) Guidelines for communicating about bats to prevent persecution in the time of COVID-19. Biological Conservation 248:108650 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108650
Manzano-Garcia J, Jimenez-Escobar D, Lobo-Allende R, Cailly-Arnulphi V (2017) El Cóndor Andino (Vultur Gryphus):¿ predador o carroñero?: Pluralidad de percepciones entre los saberes locales y el discurso académico en las sierras centrales de Argentina. El hornero 32(1):29–37 DOI: https://doi.org/10.56178/eh.v32i1.531
Di Martino G, Crovato S, Pinto A, Dorotea T, Mascarello G, Brunetta R, Agnoletti F, Bonfanti L (2019) Farmers’ attitudes towards antimicrobial use and awareness of antimicrobial resistance: a comparative study among turkey and rabbit farmers. Italian Journal of Animal Science 18:194–201 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2018.1504236
McCleary RJR, Kini RM (2013) Non-enzymatic proteins from snake venoms: A gold mine of pharmacological tools and drug leads. Toxicon 62:56–74 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.09.008
Ministerio de Medio ambiente y Desarrollo sostenible (2015) Planes de acción y programas de conservación.
Monter Y, Trujillo T, López R, Navarijo L (2017) APROXIMACIÓN A LA PERCEPCIÓN SOBRE LOS MURCIÉLAGOS EN LA POBLACIÓN DE LA MIXTECA POBLANO-OAXAQUEÑA, MÉXICO. Departamento de Geografía Física, Instituto de Geografía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Munita C (2018) Análisis de preferencias sociales por animales y plants en la reserva de la biósfera la Campaña-Peñuelas Chile. Universidad de Chile,
Nates-Jimenez J, Lindemann-Matthies P (2015) Public Knowledge of, and Attitudes to, Frogs in Colombia. Anthrozoos: A Multidisciplinary Journal of The Interactions of People & Animals 28:319–332 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08927936.2015.11435405
Öhman A (2005) The role of the amygdala in human fear: Automatic detection of threat. Psychoneuroendocrinology 30:953–958 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.03.019
Öhman A (2007) Has evolution primed humans to “beware the beast”? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104:16396–16397 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707885104
de Oliveira Carneiro I, de Jesus Santos N, Silva NS, Lima PC, Meyer R, Netto EM, Franke CR (2019) Knowledge, practice and perception of human-marsupial interactions in health promotion. Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 13:342–347 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.10177
Osbahr K, Morales N (2012) Conocimiento local y usos de la fauna silvestre en el municipio de San Antonio del Tequendama (Cundinamarca, Colombia). Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica 15: DOI: https://doi.org/10.31910/rudca.v15.n1.2012.816
Ospina-Pinto C, Rincón-Pardo M, Soler-Tovar D, Hernández-Rodríguez P (2017) The role of rodents in the transmission of Leptospira spp. In swine farms. Revista de Salud Publica 19:555–561 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.v19n4.41626
Parra-Colorado JW, Botero-Botero A, Saavedra-Rodriguez CA (2014) Percepcion y uso de mamíferos silvestres por comunidades campesinas. Boletín CientífiCo Centro de Museos de historia natural 18:78–93
Paterson BJ, Butler MT, Eastwood K, Cashman PM, Jones A, Durrheim DN (2014) Cross sectional survey of human-bat interaction in Australia: Public health implications. BMC Public Health 14: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-58
Pejenaute Rubio F (2007) Consideraciones en torno al búho, “nocturna avis, quae ab homnibus est ingrata.” Estudios Humanísticos. Filología 223 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18002/ehf.v0i29.2818
Petrescu DC, Petrescu-Mag RM (2018) Consumer behaviour related to rabbit meat as functional food. World Rabbit Science 26:321–333 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2018.10435
Pigott DM, Golding N, Mylne A, Huang Z, Henry AJ, Weiss DJ, Brady OJ, Kraemer MUG, Smith DL, Moyes CL, Bhatt S, Gething PW, Horby PW, Bogoch II, Brownstein JS, Mekaru SR, Tatem AJ, Khan K, Hay SI (2014) Mapping the zoonotic niche of Ebola virus disease in Africa. eLife 3:e04395 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.04395
Pilgrim S, Culler L, Smith D, Pretty J (2008) Ecological knowledge is lost in wealthier communities and countries. Environ. Sci. Technol 42:1004–1009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/es070837v
Prins H, Grootenhuis J, Dolan T (2000) Wildlife conservation by sustainable use. Boston MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4012-6
Prokop P, Fančovičová J (2013) Does colour matter? The influence of animal warning coloration on human emotions and willingness to protect them. Animal Conservation 16:458–466 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/acv.12014
Radha V, Kumaran NS (2018) Bioprospecting of snake venoms : A mini review. 7:163–165
Ramírez-Fráncel LA, García-Herrera LV, Guevara G, Losada-Prado S, Lim BK, Villa-Navarro FA, Reinoso-Flórez G (2021) Human-bat interactions in central Colombia: Regional perceptions of a worldwide fragile life zone. Ethnobiology and Conservation 10. https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2021-10-10.32-1-18 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2021-10-10.32-1-18
Ramirez-Francel LA, Garcia LV, Losada-Prado S, Reinoso-Florez G, Sanchez-Hernandez A, Estrada-Villegas S, Lim BK, Guevara G (2022) Bats and their vital ecosystem services: a global review. Integrative Zoology 17:2–23 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1749-4877.12552
REAL ACADEMIA ESPAÑOLA (2021) Diccionario de la lengua española. [https://dle.rae.es]
Rego KM da C, Zeppelini CG, Alves RRN (2015) Assessing human-bat interactions around a protected area in northeastern Brazil. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 11:1–8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-015-0058-7
Reyes-Garcia V, Vadez V, Huanca T, Leonard G, Wilkie D (2005) Knowledge and consumption of wild plants: a comparative study in two Tsimane’ villages in the Bolivian Amazon. ERA Ethnobotany Research and Applications 3:201–207 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17348/era.3.0.201-208
Riós-Orjuela JC, Falcón-Espitia N, Arias-Escobar A, Espejo-Uribe MJ, Chamorro-Vargas CT (2020) Knowledge and interactions of the local community with the herpetofauna in the forest reserve of Quininí (Tibacuy-Cundinamarca, Colombia). Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 16:1–11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-020-00370-8
Rocha R, López-Baucells A, Fernández-Llamazares Á (2021) Ethnobiology of Bats: Exploring Human-Bat Inter-Relationships in a Rapidly Changing World. Journal of Ethnobiology 41:3–17 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2993/0278-0771-41.1.3
Roveda G, Peñaranda A, Ramírez M, Baquero I, Galindo P. R (2013) Diagnóstico de la fertilidad química de los suelos de los municipios de Granada y Silvania para la producción de uchuva en Cundinamarca. Ciencia & Tecnología Agropecuaria 13:179–188 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol13_num2_art:253
Sánchez M. J, Barrera T E (1990) Aporte al estudio florístico y ecológico de las Loranthaceae del jardín botánico “El Bosque” Silvania, Cundinamarca. Agronomía Colombiana 7:76–88
Santamaría M, Areiza A, Matallana C, Solano C, Galán S (2018) Estrategias complementarias de conservación.
Schlegel J, Rupf R (2010) Attitudes towards potential animal flagship species in nature conservation: A survey among students of different educational institutions. Journal for Nature Conservation 18:278–290 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2009.12.002
SiB Colombia (2022) atálogo de la Biodiversidad de Colombia, Sistema de Información sobre Biodiversidad de Colombia. [https://colecciones.biodiversidad.co/]
Silva-Rodriguez EA, Acosta-Jamett G, Villatoro FJ, Stowhas P (2019) Interacciones entre fauna silvestre y comunidades humanas en Chile: daños causados por animales silvestres, conductas hacia la fauna y conflictos entre humanos. Naturaleza en sociedad: una mirada a la dimensión humana de la Conservación de la Biodiversidad. Ocho Libros, Santiago, pp. 241–277
Solari S, Muñoz-saba Y, Rodríguez-mahecha J V, Defler TR, Ramírez-chaves HE, Trujillo F (2013) Riqueza, endemismo y conservación de los mamíferos de Colombia. Mastozoologia Neotropical 20:301–365
Solís L, Casas A (2019) Cuicatec ethnozoology: traditional knowledge, use, and management of fauna by people of San Lorenzo Pápalo, Oaxaca, Mexico. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 15:1–17 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-019-0340-1
Staňková H, Janovcová M, Peléšková Š, Sedláčková K, Landová E, Frynta D (2021) The ultimate list of the most frightening and disgusting animals: Negative emotions elicited by animals in central european respondents. Animals 11:1–21 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030747
Stanley JW (2008) Snakes: Objects of Religion, Fear, and Myth. Journal of Integrative Biology 2:42–58
Stinchcomb TR, Ma Z, Nyssa Z (2022) Complex human-deer interactions challenge conventional management approaches: the need to consider power, trust, and emotion. Ecology and Society 27: DOI: https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-12899-270113
Stuart A, Prescott C, MacIntyre S, Sethar A (2011) The role of rodents as carriers of disease on UK farms: a preliminary investigation. Julius-Kühn-Archiv 198–199
Teixeira JVDS, Dos Santos JS, Guanaes DHA, da Rocha WD, Schiavetti A (2020) Uses of wild vertebrates in traditional medicine by farmers in the region surrounding the serra do conduru state park (Bahia, Brazil). Biota Neotropica 20:1–15 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2019-0793
Thomas B, Bhat K, Mapara M (2012) Rabbit as an animal model for experimental research. Dental Research Journal 9:111 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/1735-3327.92960
Tomažič I (2011) Reported experiences enhance favourable attitudes toward toads. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education 7:253–262 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12973/ejmste/75207
Tomažic I, Šorgo A (2017) Factors affecting students’ attitudes toward toads. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education 13:2505–2528 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2017.01237a
Toro-Julio L, Espitia-Martínez E, Tapasco-Alzate O, Toro B (2021) Affective and cognitive attributes to wildlife and its relationship with sociodemographic factors in the rural population. Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad and Divulgacion Cientifica 24: DOI: https://doi.org/10.31910/rudca.v24.n2.2021.1840
Triguero-Mas M, Olomí-Solá M, Zorondo-Rodriguez F, Reyes-Garcia V (2009) Urban and rural perceptions of protected areas: a case study in Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Ghats, India. Environmental Conservation 36(3):208–217 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892909990403
Urbina-Cardona N, Saboyá-Acosta L, Camacho-Rozo CP, Acosta-Peña AR, Arenas-Rodríguez A, Albarracín-Caro JF, Moreno-Cabal AM, Novoa-Salamanca NM, Camacho-Durán M., Giraldo-Echeverry N, Hernández-Gallego MJ, Pirateque-López L, Aldana-Varón V, Echeverry-Pareja D, Zabala-Forero FA (2022) Producción científica sobre la herpetología en Colombia: perspectivas desde los temas de investigación hacia la conservación biológica. Caldasia. in press DOI: https://doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v45n1.97216
Valencia-Aguilar A, Cortés-Gómez AM, Ruiz-Agudelo CA (2013) Ecosystem services provided by amphibians and reptiles in Neotropical ecosystems. International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services and Management 9:257–272 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21513732.2013.821168
Valencia González C (2018) Fauna silvestre en Colombia: entre la ilegalidad y las oportunidades del comercio internacional en la CITES. Revista Virtual Universidad Católica del Norte 128–145 DOI: https://doi.org/10.35575/rvucn.n55a5
Vallejo JR, González JA (2015) Amphibians in Spanish popular medicine and the pharmacopoeia of Pliny and Dioscorides. Historia, Ciencias, Saude - Manguinhos 22:1283–1319 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-59702015005000010
Vergara-Rios D, Montes-Correa AC, Urbina-Cardona JN, De Luque-Villa M, Cattan P, Granda-Rodriguez HD (2021) Local community knowledge and perceptions in the Colombian Caribbean towards Amphibians in urban and rural settings: tools for biological conservation. Ethnobiology and Conservation 10. https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2021-05-10.24-1-22 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2021-05-10.24-1-22
Vyas VK, Brahmbhatt K, Bhatt H, Parmar U (2013) Therapeutic potential of snake venom in cancer therapy: Current perspectives. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 3:156–162 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60042-8
Walter H (1979) Vegetation of the Earth and Ecological Systems of the Geo-Biosphere. Second ed. Springer, New York
Whelan CJ, Wenny DG, Marquis RJ (2008) Ecosystem services provided by birds. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1134:25–60 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1439.003
WWF (2020) Living Planet Report 2020 - Bending the curve of biodiversity loss. Switzerland
Yamazaki Y, Takani K, Atoda H, Morita T (2003) Snake Venom Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors (VEGFs) Exhibit Potent Activity through Their Specific Recognition of KDR (VEGF Receptor 2). Journal of Biological Chemistry 278:51985–51988 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.C300454200
Zarazúa-Carbajal M, Chávez-Gutiérrez M, Romero-Bautista Y, Rangel-Landa S, Moreno-Calles AI, Ramos LFA, Smith SE, Blancas J, Del Val E, Del Coro Arizmendi M, Casas A (2020) Use and management of wild fauna by people of the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley and surrounding areas, Mexico. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 16:1–23 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-020-0354-8
Zoeller KC, Gurney GG, Heydinger J, Cumming GS (2020) Defining cultural functional groups based on perceived traits assigned to birds. Ecosystem Services 44: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2020.101138
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Maria Camila Moreno-Rubiano, Juan Diego Moreno-Rubiano, Daniel Robledo-Buitrago, J. Nicolas Urbina-Cardona, Miguel Antonio De Luque-Villa, Hernan Dario Granda-Rodriguez
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
